{"id":1624,"date":"2022-04-29T14:37:23","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T14:37:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/the-security-of-ids-volume-1-icao-standard-travel-documents\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T13:15:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T13:15:53","slug":"the-security-of-ids-volume-1-icao-standard-travel-documents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/hu\/blog\/identity-industry\/the-security-of-ids-volume-1-icao-standard-travel-documents\/","title":{"rendered":"Az igazolv\u00e1nyok biztons\u00e1ga 1. k\u00f6tet: ICAO szabv\u00e1nyos \u00fati okm\u00e1nyok"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Elgondolkodt\u00e1l m\u00e1r valaha azon, hogy mik azok a furcsa k\u00f3dsorok az \u00fatleveled alj\u00e1n? \u00c9szrevetted, hogy egy k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi bar\u00e1tod vagy ismer\u0151s\u00f6d \u00fati okm\u00e1nya er\u0151sen hasonl\u00edt a ti\u00e9dre? Ez egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem v\u00e9letlen. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban egy, az utaz\u00f3k \u00e9s a biztons\u00e1gi tisztvisel\u0151k k\u00e9nyelm\u00e9t egyar\u00e1nt szolg\u00e1l\u00f3, \u00fati okm\u00e1nyokra vonatkoz\u00f3 nemzetk\u00f6zi szabv\u00e1nynak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ebben a cikkben, amely az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyok biztons\u00e1g\u00e1r\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 sorozat r\u00e9sze, t\u00f6bbet is elmondunk arr\u00f3l, hogyan j\u00f6tt l\u00e9tre ez a szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s, \u00e9s hogyan \u00e9p\u00fcl fel egy modern szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1ny. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9rdekess\u00e9g mellett azt is megvitatjuk, mik\u00e9nt v\u00e1lt ez a folyamat \u2014 amely l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag ide\u00e1lis a hamis\u00edt\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra \u2014 a biztons\u00e1gosabb okm\u00e1nyok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1nak egyik alappill\u00e9r\u00e9v\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-travel-standard-for-the-benefit-of-all\">Egy utaz\u00e1si szabv\u00e1ny mindenki jav\u00e1ra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Az I. vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151tt nem volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g \u00fatlev\u00e9lre a nemzetk\u00f6zi utaz\u00e1shoz. \u00c9s eg\u00e9szen az 1920-as p\u00e1rizsi \u00datlev\u00e9l- \u00e9s v\u00e1mformal\u00edt\u00e1si, valamint \u00e1tsz\u00e1ll\u00f3jegyekr\u0151l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 konferenci\u00e1ig egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem l\u00e9teztek szabv\u00e1nyok az olyan \u00fati okm\u00e1nyok, mint az \u00fatlevelek megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s tartalm\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3an. 60 \u00e9v telt el, mire az <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ICAO<\/a>, a Nemzetk\u00f6zi Polg\u00e1ri Rep\u00fcl\u00e9si Szervezet, el\u0151sz\u00f6r r\u00f6gz\u00edtett egy olyan szab\u00e1lyrendszert, amelyet a mai napig alkalmaznak minden olyan szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyra, amelyet elfogadhatnak a hat\u00e1r\u00e1tkel\u0151helyeken, valamint a l\u00e9gi- \u00e9s haj\u00f3k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si termin\u00e1lokon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103347\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-old-british-passport.png\" alt=\"Old British Passport\" class=\"wp-image-12700\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption translation-block\">Egy brit \u00fatlev\u00e9l az ICAO szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1nak bevezet\u00e9se el\u0151tt.<br>\nVegye figyelembe, hogy m\u00e1r akkor is haszn\u00e1ltak egy m\u00e1sodik nyelvet (franci\u00e1t).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">F\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy a vil\u00e1gon hol \u00e9lsz, az \u00e1llamod \u00e1ltal ki\u00e1ll\u00edtott mindenf\u00e9le \u00fatlev\u00e9l \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1ny megfelel az <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/publications\/pages\/publication.aspx?docnum=9303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ICAO 9303-as dokumentum\u00e1ban<\/a> a g\u00e9ppel olvashat\u00f3 \u00fati okm\u00e1nyokra, azaz az MRTD-kre vonatkoz\u00f3an meghat\u00e1rozott szabv\u00e1nyoknak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ma a 9303-as dokumentum h\u00e1rom szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edtott utaz\u00e1si azonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyt\u2014TD-nek vagy ID-nek nevezett dokumentumot\u2014hat\u00e1roz meg a m\u00e9ret\u00fck alapj\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/publications\/Documents\/9303_p5_cons_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ID-1<\/a>: a legt\u00f6bb fizet\u00e9si k\u00e1rtya, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul hitelk\u00e1rty\u00e1k \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00e1rty\u00e1k. Ez a form\u00e1tum 85.60 x 53.98 millim\u00e9teres (3.37 in \u00d7 2.12 in) m\u00e9retet \u00edr el\u0151, valamint 2.88\u20133.48 mm (~0.12 in) sugar\u00fa lekerek\u00edtett sarkokat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/publications\/Documents\/9303_p6_cons_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ID-2<\/a>: v\u00edzumok \u00e9s rom\u00e1n szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00e1rty\u00e1k. E dokumentumok szabv\u00e1nyos m\u00e9rete 105 x 74 millim\u00e9ter (4.13 in \u00d7 2.91 in)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/publications\/Documents\/9303_p4_cons_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">ID-3<\/a>: \u00fatlev\u00e9lf\u00fczetek. A m\u00e9retnek mindig 125 x 88 millim\u00e9ternek (4.92 in \u00d7 3.46 in) kell lennie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Emellett az ICAO 9303-as dokumentum el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sai al\u00e1 tartoz\u00f3 \u00f6sszes okm\u00e1nynak a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ket is teljes\u00edtenie kell:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>hajl\u00edthat\u00f3nak kell lennie, mik\u00f6zben meg\u0151rzi az okm\u00e1ny \u00e9ps\u00e9g\u00e9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nem tartalmazhat m\u00e9rgez\u0151 anyagokat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ellen kell \u00e1llnia a mindennapi vegyszereknek<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201310\u00b0C \u00e9s +50\u00b0C (14\u00b0F \u00e9s 122\u00b0F) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt biztos\u00edtania kell a g\u00e9pi olvashat\u00f3s\u00e1got<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ki kell b\u00edrnia a (sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges) p\u00e1ratartalmat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 f\u00e9nyviszonyok mellett nem v\u00e1lhat egyre kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 olvashat\u00f3v\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A m\u00e9ret azonban csak egy r\u00e9sze annak az egyenletnek, amely az utaz\u00f3k \u00e9s a biztons\u00e1gi szakemberek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra egyar\u00e1nt sokkal egyszer\u0171bb\u00e9 teszi az utaz\u00f3k azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. Az igazi kulcs az, hogy mit tartalmaznak a g\u00e9pi olvashat\u00f3s\u00e1gnak megfelel\u0151, hagyom\u00e1nyos \u00fatlevelek \u00e9s egy\u00e9b szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-1 wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103541\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-id-1-2-identity-card-examples.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"12703\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103541\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-id-1-2-identity-card-examples.jpg\" alt=\"Examples of ID-1 and ID-2 Travel Documents\" class=\"wp-image-12703\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103342\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-id-3-passport-examples.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"12697\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103342\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-id-3-passport-examples.jpg\" alt=\"Passports With Similar Features as Per ICAO Standards\" class=\"wp-image-12697\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption translation-block\">K\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9ret\u0171 \u00fati okm\u00e1nyok p\u00e9ld\u00e1i \u00e9s azok szabv\u00e1nyos megjelen\u00e9se.<br>Fent: ID-1 okm\u00e1ny (magyar szem\u00e9lyi igazolv\u00e1ny)<br>K\u00f6z\u00e9pen: ID-2 okm\u00e1ny (rom\u00e1n szem\u00e9lyi igazolv\u00e1ny)<br>Alul: ID-3 okm\u00e1nyok (holland \u00e9s norv\u00e9g \u00fatlevelek)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-viz-and-mrz-at-the-heart-of-travel-documents\">VIZ \u00e9s MRZ: az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyok k\u00f6z\u00e9ppontj\u00e1ban<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A fent eml\u00edtett szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s miatt az \u00e1llam illet\u00e9kes szerveinek biztos\u00edtaniuk kell, hogy az ID-1, -2 \u00e9s -3 t\u00edpus\u00fa \u00fati okm\u00e1nyokon bel\u00fcli minden elem pontosan \u00fagy n\u00e9zzen ki, ahogyan azt az ICAO 9303-as dokumentuma el\u0151\u00edrja. Ez mag\u00e1ban foglalja az \u00f6sszes szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1ny legfontosabb r\u00e9szeit is: a VIZ-t \u00e9s az MRZ-t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 sorokban t\u00f6bbet is el\u00e1rulunk ezekr\u0151l a r\u00e9szekr\u0151l, arr\u00f3l, hogy mib\u0151l \u00e1llnak, hogyan szab\u00e1lyozz\u00e1k \u0151ket, valamint n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9rdekess\u00e9gr\u0151l is, amelyekr\u0151l tal\u00e1n m\u00e9g sosem hallott.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-viz-visual-inspection-zone\">VIZ \u2013 Vizu\u00e1lis ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si z\u00f3na<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A VIZ b\u00e1rmely szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1ny legk\u00f6nnyebben azonos\u00edthat\u00f3 r\u00e9sze, \u00e9s kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa ahhoz, hogy az emberi ellen\u0151r\u00f6k felismerj\u00e9k a hamis\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat. A szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s sor\u00e1n az ICAO tisztvisel\u0151inek azt is m\u00e9rlegelni\u00fck kellett, hogy az egyes orsz\u00e1gok vonatkoz\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyai a lehet\u0151 legink\u00e1bb hasonl\u00edtsanak egym\u00e1sra. Ennek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt szigor\u00fa szab\u00e1lyok sz\u00fclettek az olyan k\u00f6z\u00f6s elemekre vonatkoz\u00f3an, mint a bet\u0171t\u00edpus, a bet\u0171m\u00e9ret, a mez\u0151k elhelyezked\u00e9se, a szem\u00e9lyes adatok, az okm\u00e1ny birtokos\u00e1nak arck\u00e9pe stb. Ugyanakkor az ICAO-nak azt is biztos\u00edtania kellett, hogy az adott orsz\u00e1gra jellemz\u0151 bizonyos saj\u00e1toss\u00e1gokat is tiszteletben tarts\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ennek megfelel\u0151en az orsz\u00e1gok jogosultak a VIZ-en a saj\u00e1t anyanyelv\u00fcket haszn\u00e1lni, felt\u00e9ve, hogy minden mez\u0151 felirata angolra, franci\u00e1ra vagy spanyolra is le van ford\u00edtva, \u00e9s a ferde vonal \u201e\/\u201d karakterrel van elv\u00e1lasztva. Angol, francia vagy spanyol nyelv\u0171 szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok eset\u00e9ben az okm\u00e1nynak a kibocs\u00e1t\u00f3 orsz\u00e1g nyelv\u00e9t, valamint e nyelvek k\u00f6z\u00fcl m\u00e9g egyet kell haszn\u00e1lnia. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g \u00fatleveleiben a mez\u0151k angolul \u00e9s franci\u00e1ul szerepelnek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mi a helyzet azokkal az orsz\u00e1gokkal, amelyek speci\u00e1lis latin karaktereket haszn\u00e1lnak, vagy nem latin \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9t? Ha a nyelvben vannak orsz\u00e1g-\/r\u00e9gi\u00f3specifikus latin karakterek, ezek szerepelhetnek az igazolv\u00e1nyon. Nem latin karakterek viszont nem, ez\u00e9rt azokat \u00e1t kell \u00edrni. Ez a szab\u00e1ly minden mez\u0151feliratra, a birtokos nev\u00e9re, az \u00e1llampolg\u00e1rs\u00e1gra, a sz\u00fclet\u00e9si helyre \u2014 amely opcion\u00e1lis \u2014, valamint a ki\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 szervezetre is vonatkozik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A d\u00e1tumok tekintet\u00e9ben t\u00f6bb megk\u00f6t\u00e9s van. Nemcsak azt kell nap-h\u00f3nap-\u00e9v form\u00e1tumban nyomtatni, hanem a napot (k\u00e9t sz\u00e1mjegy) \u00e9s az \u00e9vet (k\u00e9t vagy n\u00e9gy sz\u00e1mjegy) arab sz\u00e1mjegyekkel kell megadni. Opcion\u00e1lisan a h\u00f3nap \u00edrhat\u00f3 k\u00e9t sz\u00e1mjegy\u0171 sz\u00e1mmal, vagy megjelen\u00edthet\u0151 a nemzeti nyelven teljes vagy r\u00f6vid\u00edtett form\u00e1ban, felt\u00e9ve, hogy ez ut\u00f3bbi nem t\u00f6bb mint n\u00e9gy sz\u00e1mjegy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ha a h\u00f3nap ki van \u00edrva, ugyanazok a ford\u00edt\u00e1si \u00e9s \u00e1t\u00edr\u00e1si szab\u00e1lyok \u00e9rv\u00e9nyesek, mint a mez\u0151feliratokra. A nap, a h\u00f3nap \u00e9s az \u00e9v elv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa sz\u00f3k\u00f6zzel, ponttal vagy ferde vonallal csak akkor sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, ha a h\u00f3nap numerikus form\u00e1tumban van megadva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29115748\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-slovakian-id-viz-1024x642.png\" alt=\"Slovakian Specimen ID Card With Standard VIZ Data\" class=\"wp-image-12722\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ez a szlov\u00e1k mintaszem\u00e9lyi igazolv\u00e1ny egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en bemutatja az utaz\u00e1si okm\u00e1ny VIZ ter\u00fclet\u00e9re vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00f6sszes k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-mrz-machine-readable-zone\">MRZ \u2013 G\u00e9ppel olvashat\u00f3 z\u00f3na<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00edg a szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok VIZ r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben bizonyos szabads\u00e1gok megengedettek, az MRZ gyakorlatilag azonos megjelen\u00e9s\u0171 minden \u00fati okm\u00e1nyban. Ennek az oka egyszer\u0171: az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyoknak ez az a z\u00f3n\u00e1ja, amelyet minden \u00fatlev\u00e9lolvas\u00f3nak \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyi igazolv\u00e1ny-szkennernek k\u00e9pesnek kell lennie feldolgozni \u00e9s ellen\u0151rizni, ez\u00e9rt az MRZ szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1sa elengedhetetlen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ennek megfelel\u0151en mindent, a bet\u0171t\u00edpust\u00f3l \u00e9s bet\u0171m\u00e9rett\u0151l kezdve eg\u00e9szen a t\u00e9nyleges olvas\u00e1si z\u00f3na (ERZ) pontos m\u00e9reteiig\u2014amelynek mindig 17 mm \u00d7 118 mm-nek (0.67 in \u00d7 4.65 in) kell lennie\u2014szigor\u00faan az ICAO Doc 9303 szab\u00e1lyoz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ez a szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s az oka annak is, hogy kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag arab sz\u00e1mokat haszn\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s az angol \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 26 bet\u0171j\u00e9n k\u00edv\u00fcl semmilyen m\u00e1s karaktert nem. Az MRZ-ben az \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043detlen megengedett speci\u00e1lis karakter a \u201e&lt;\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ezt arra haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k, hogy egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171en elv\u00e1lassz\u00e1k az olyan mez\u0151ket, mint az okm\u00e1ny t\u00edpusa, sz\u00e1ma, a kibocs\u00e1t\u00f3 \u00e1llam h\u00e1rombet\u0171s k\u00f3dja, a d\u00e1tumok YYMMDD form\u00e1tumban, a birtokos vezet\u00e9k- \u00e9s keresztneve, valamint a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 ellen\u0151rz\u0151 sz\u00e1mjegyek, amelyek kisz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icao.int\/publications\/Documents\/9303_p3_cons_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Doc 9303 A f\u00fcggel\u00e9k\u00e9nek 3. r\u00e9sze<\/a> \u00edrja el\u0151. Ahhoz, hogy k\u00e9pet kapjon arr\u00f3l, hogyan k\u00e9sz\u00fcl az MRZ, <a href=\"https:\/\/emvlab.org\/mrz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">n\u00e9zze meg ezt az online eszk\u00f6zt<\/a>, ahol kipr\u00f3b\u00e1lhatja a saj\u00e1t MRZ gener\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ami a neveket illeti, mindegyiket a latin megfelel\u0151j\u00e9vel is le kell \u00edrni, az angol \u00e1b\u00e9c\u00e9 26 bet\u0171j\u00e9t haszn\u00e1lva, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl att\u00f3l, hogy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 latin karaktereket haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 orsz\u00e1gb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmazik-e vagy sem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a n\u00e9met \u201e\u00c4\u201d vagy \u201eA\u201d-k\u00e9nt, vagy \u201eAE\u201d-k\u00e9nt fog megjelenni, a cirill \u201e\u0428\u201d \u201eSH\u201d-v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik \u2014 Szerbi\u00e1ban pedig egyszer\u0171en \u201eS\u201d-s\u00e9 \u2014, az arab \u201e\u0649\u201d karaktert (alef maksura) pedig az MRZ-ben \u201eXAY\u201d-k\u00e9nt kell \u00edrni. Ami az arab karaktereket illeti, a latin megfelel\u0151ik meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00f6sszetetts\u00e9ge miatt a ICAO 9303-as sz\u00e1m\u00fa dokumentum\u00e1nak 3. r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben egy teljes f\u00fcggel\u00e9ket kaptak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/04\/29103345\/id-security-icao-travel-documents-mrz-arabic-latin-transcription.jpg\" alt=\"Arabic Name Transcribed to Latin in the VIZ and Its Appearance in the MRZ\" class=\"wp-image-12699\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption translation-block\">P\u00e9lda arra, hogyan kell az arab neveknek megjelenni\u00fck egy \u00fati okm\u00e1nyban.<br>Forr\u00e1s: 3. r\u00e9sz B f\u00fcggel\u00e9ke: Az \u00f6sszes MRTD-re vonatkoz\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6s specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3k<br>Doc 9303 Machine Readable Travel Documents.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-importance-of-standardization-from-security-s-point-of-view\">A szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1s fontoss\u00e1ga a biztons\u00e1g szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">A szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok m\u00e9ret\u00e9nek \u00e9s tartalm\u00e1nak szabv\u00e1nyos\u00edt\u00e1sa fontos volt az ellen\u0151rz\u00e9si folyamatok meger\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban az MRZ-k bevezet\u00e9se az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyokba megnyitotta az utat az <a href=\"\/hu\/product-categories\/personal-document-reading-and-verification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">okm\u00e1nyszkennerek<\/a> gyors fejl\u0151d\u00e9se el\u0151tt, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az Adaptive Recognition \u00e1ltal gy\u00e1rtott eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k eset\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Amikor egy \u00fati okm\u00e1nyt ellen\u0151rizni kell, a biztons\u00e1gi tisztvisel\u0151k a fizikai jellemz\u0151i alapj\u00e1n ellen\u0151rizhetik annak \u00e9rv\u00e9nyess\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s egyetlen pillant\u00e1ssal \u00f6sszegy\u0171jthetik a birtokos\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00f6sszes sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges inform\u00e1ci\u00f3t. Amikor fejlett \u00fatlev\u00e9lolvas\u00f3k ker\u00fclnek bevon\u00e1sra, az MRZ- \u00e9s VIZ-adatokat m\u00e1sodperceken bel\u00fcl \u00f6sszevetik egym\u00e1ssal, azonnal kisz\u00farva a kett\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti b\u00e1rmilyen elt\u00e9r\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u00c9rdemes azonban megjegyezni, hogy manaps\u00e1g az, ha egy \u00fati okm\u00e1nyon csak MRZ \u00e9s VIZ tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, messze nem elegend\u0151. S\u0151t, ahogy Tony Sales, egy kor\u00e1bbi \u00fatlev\u00e9lhamis\u00edt\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FVlWTIPxfgQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">2014-ben a CNN-nek elmondta<\/a>, mind\u00f6ssze n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00f3r\u00e1ba telt sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy ellopott \u00fatlevelekb\u0151l h\u00e1tborzongat\u00f3an meggy\u0151z\u0151 hamis\u00edtv\u00e1nyokat k\u00e9sz\u00edtsen t\u00f6bb ezer doll\u00e1r\u00e9rt. Ugyanakkor vannak olyan esetek is, amikor az okm\u00e1nyt egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem kell megv\u00e1ltoztatni; amennyiben a sz\u00e9lh\u00e1mos hasonl\u00edt az igazolv\u00e1ny eredeti tulajdonos\u00e1ra, \u00e1tcs\u00faszhat a biztons\u00e1gi ellen\u0151rz\u00e9sen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Ez\u00e9rt az ICAO m\u00e9g azt is aj\u00e1nlja, hogy a kibocs\u00e1t\u00f3 orsz\u00e1gok\/gy\u00e1rt\u00f3k legal\u00e1bb alapvet\u0151 biztons\u00e1gi elemeket\/int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket \u00e9p\u00edtsenek be, amelyek hamis\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ll\u00f3v\u00e1 tehetik az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyt \u2014 azzal az egyetlen felt\u00e9tellel, hogy ezek az elemek ne zavarj\u00e1k az igazolv\u00e1ny g\u00e9pi olvashat\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t. Azonban a biztons\u00e1gi elemekre vonatkoz\u00f3 szabv\u00e1nyok hi\u00e1nya miatt minden \u00e1llam \u00e9s igazolv\u00e1nygy\u00e1rt\u00f3 szabadon d\u00f6nthet arr\u00f3l, mit foglal bele az \u00fati okm\u00e1nyba. M\u00e9g az EU is csup\u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32004R2252&amp;qid=1650616418859&amp;from=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">minim\u00e1lis k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyt<\/a> \u00edr el\u0151 <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009R0444&amp;qid=1650616782796&amp;from=EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">minden tag\u00e1llam sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra<\/a>, sz\u00e1mos olyan elemmel egy\u00fctt, amelyek \u201ecsak\u201d aj\u00e1nlottak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/03\/03134301\/passport-ranking-security-strength-uv-jura-security-features.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adaptiverecognition.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/03\/03134301\/passport-ranking-security-strength-uv-jura-security-features-1024x656.png\" alt=\"Strong Passport Features With Multicolored UV Patterns, Microfibers, Holograms, and JURA Security Solutions\" class=\"wp-image-11923\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption translation-block\">A leggyakoribb \u2014 \u00e9s a legjobb \u2014 biztons\u00e1gi jellemz\u0151k k\u00f6z\u00fcl n\u00e9h\u00e1ny:<br>Els\u0151 sor: t\u00f6bbsz\u00edn\u0171 UV tinta, mikrosz\u00e1lak.<br>M\u00e1sodik sor: k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le hologrammint\u00e1k, JURA biztons\u00e1gi jellemz\u0151k IPI\u2122 \u00e9s LetterScreen++\u00ae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ami biztos: ha az \u00fati okm\u00e1ny v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171 kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3ban tartalmaz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>t\u00f6bbsz\u00edn\u0171 UV-fest\u00e9keket,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mikronyomatokat \u00e9s -sz\u00e1lakat, amelyek v\u00e9letlenszer\u0171en vannak elhelyezve az eg\u00e9sz okm\u00e1nyon, vagy egyedi \nmint\u00e1t\/szavakat\/mondatokat alkotnak,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\">a <a href=\"https:\/\/jura.hu\/travel-id-documents-mrtd-solutions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JURA<\/a> Letterscreen++\u00ae megold\u00e1s\u00e1t, amely egy szabadalmaztatott elj\u00e1r\u00e1s, ahol az \u00fatlev\u00e9l tulajdonos\u00e1nak portr\u00e9ja szem\u00e9lyre szabott mikrosz\u00f6vegb\u0151l \u00e9p\u00fcl fel, egyedi, hull\u00e1mos vonalszerkezetbe rendezve,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IPI\u2122-t, azaz Invisible Personal Information-t, amely szem\u00e9lyes adatokat tartalmaz az els\u0151dleges portr\u00e9ban, \u00e9s csak speci\u00e1lis lencser\u00e1csos lencs\u00e9vel olvashat\u00f3,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hagyom\u00e1nyosabb technik\u00e1kat, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul speci\u00e1lis perfor\u00e1ci\u00f3k, hologramok stb.,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">akkor jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kken annak az es\u00e9lye, hogy a dokumentumot meg lehet hamis\u00edtani. A 9\/11 sz\u00fcks\u00e9gszer\u0171 k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek\u00e9nt az \u00faj \u00fatleveleket egy tov\u00e1bbi biztons\u00e1gi elemmel, RFID chippel bocs\u00e1tj\u00e1k ki, amely mindent tartalmaz, ami a VIZ-ben \u00e9s az MRZ-ben megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3, valamint tov\u00e1bbi adatokat is. Ami pedig azt illeti, hogy milyen adatok t\u00e1rolhat\u00f3k egy <a href=\"\/hu\/blog\/identity-industry\/the-security-of-ids-volume-2-what-travel-document-rfid-chips-contain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RFID chipen<\/a>, az a sorozatunk k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 cikk\u00e9nek t\u00e9m\u00e1ja lesz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Az t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, hogy a dokumentumm\u00e9ret, a VIZ \u00e9s az MRZ mind r\u00e9sz\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt annak az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 rendszernek, amely gyakorlatilag hamis\u00edthatatlan szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1s\u00e1t szolg\u00e1lja. \u00c9s m\u00e9g ha m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1st is hajtanak v\u00e9gre a VIZ-en \u00e9s\/vagy az MRZ-n, a fejlett biztons\u00e1gi elemek \u00e9s az olyan cs\u00facstechnol\u00f3gi\u00e1s eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k, mint az Adaptive Recognition <a href=\"\/hu\/products\/osmond-passport-reader-id-scanner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">legfejlettebb \u00fatlev\u00e9lolvas\u00f3ja, az Osmond<\/a>, k\u00f6nnyen figyelmeztethetik a biztons\u00e1gi tisztvisel\u0151ket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u00e9rd\u00e9se vagy \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9se van? Az \u00fat minden l\u00e9p\u00e9s\u00e9n\u00e9l t\u00e1mogatjuk \u00d6nt:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<a href=\"\/hu\/contact-us\/\" class=\"button-small\"><br \/>\n<span class=\"button-text-small\">L\u00e9pjen kapcsolatba szak\u00e9rt\u0151inkkel<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"circle-small\">\n<span class=\"arrow-small initial-arrow-small\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"arrow-small hover-arrow-small\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A szem\u00e9lyazonos\u00edt\u00f3 okm\u00e1nyok ma m\u00e1r minden eddigin\u00e9l szabv\u00e1nyosabbak. Mely elemek azonosak minden \u00fati okm\u00e1nyban? \u00c9s hogyan kapcsol\u00f3dnak a dokumentumbiztons\u00e1ghoz? Tudja meg ebb\u0151l a cikkb\u0151l.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-identity-industry"],"acf":{"blog_page_hero_image":"","who_wrote_this_arcticle":[5851],"tags_for_search_separate_with_comma___":"viz,mrz,passport,icao,travel,document,id,identity,card,security"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Security of IDs Volume 1: ICAO Standard Travel Documents - Adaptive Recognition | Image Capturing and Analytics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about ICAO standard travel documents, their components, and how they enhance security in our detailed guide. 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